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Brown color extraction from oak bark (Quercus spp.) and birch bark (Betula spp.) focuses on isolating natural tannins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which contribute to the rich brown and earthy hues. The process begins with harvesting, cleaning, and drying the bark, followed by grinding it into coarse or fine powder to increase the surface area for extraction. Traditional or advanced methods such as hot water extraction, ethanol extraction, or alkaline-assisted extraction are commonly used. Oak bark is particularly rich in hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, while birch bark contains betulin and other triterpenoids that may influence color tone and application. After extraction, the mixture is filtered and concentrated, producing a brown pigment that is stable and widely used in natural textile dyeing, leather tanning, wood staining, and cosmetic formulations. Controlling temperature, pH, and extraction time is essential for achieving desired color depth and ensuring pigment stability.
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